辅助动力装置(APU)Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)【转】

辅助动力装置(APU)用于各类运输机上,其目的是在地面提供电源和气源,以使飞机减少对地面设备的依赖;在空中提供备用气源和电源。辅助动力装置的工作是建立在一台小型涡轮发动机上的,装在飞机机身尾部。辅助动力装置基于它的能力限制一般在地面工作时,可以提供电源和气源,用于起动主发动机及飞机空调用气。在空中一定高度以后,可以提供电源或气源任何一项。如果飞行高度继续增加,到一定高度后,它仅能提供电源。辅助动力装置是在必要时短时间工作的,一旦主发动机正常工作后,发电机正常运转,则不需要它供电供气。

Auxiliary power unit (APU) is used on all kinds of transport aircraft. Its purpose is to provide power and air sources on the ground, so that the aircraft can reduce its dependence on ground equipment; Provide standby air supply and power supply in the air. The auxiliary power unit is built on a small gas turbine engine and installed at the tail of the aircraft fuselage. Based on its capacity limit, the auxiliary power unit can provide power and air supply for starting the main engine and air conditioning of the aircraft when working on the ground. After a certain altitude in the air, either power or air supply can be provided. If the flight altitude continues to increase, it can only provide power after reaching a certain altitude. The auxiliary power unit works for a short time when necessary. Once the main engine works normally and the generator operates normally, it is not required to supply power and gas.

图片[1]-辅助动力装置(APU)Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)【转】-航修札记

辅助动力装置通常是一台小型燃气涡轮发动机,有压气机、燃烧室和涡轮。APU 压气机主要功用是提供空气用于燃烧,可以是单级或多级,压气机还提供引气到飞机气源系统。在多数现代 APU 中引气部分压气机和功率部分压气机是分开的,常采用离心式压气机。燃烧室通常是环形燃烧室。在小型 APU 上有向心式涡轮,在大的 APU 上有 2 级或多级轴流式涡轮。APU 和主发动机一样它的工作必须要具备一些系统,例如燃油、滑油、空气、控制、指示、排气系统。

The auxiliary power unit is usually a small gas turbine engine with compressor, combustion chamber and turbine. The main function of APU compressor is to provide air for combustion, which can be single-stage or multi-stage. The compressor also provides bleed air to the aircraft air source system. In most modern APUs, the bleed part compressor and the power part compressor are separated, and centrifugal compressor is often used. The combustion chamber is usually an annular combustion chamber. There are centripetal turbines on small APUs, and two-stage or multi-stage axial turbines on large APUs. Like the main engine, APU must have some systems for its operation, such as fuel, oil, air, control, indication and exhaust systems.

图片[2]-辅助动力装置(APU)Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)【转】-航修札记
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