防火系统 Fire Protection System【转】

防火系统组成

Composition of Fire Protection System

飞机的防火系统由火警探测系统和灭火系统两大部分组成。防火系统平常不工作，一旦发生火险必须迅速扑灭火源，因此，飞机的防火系统需要定期检查、测试以保证系统的可靠性。火警探测系统用以探测火警并指示相应的位置，并以灯光、音响等形式发出报警信号，同时可以接通灭火电路自动灭火。火警探测系统必须在任何飞行和地面状态下能快速探测其所在区域的火警和过热情况，而不发出错误的警告，并且能迅速并持续显示着火信号和准确的指示出着火的位置以便采取正确的防范措施，也要准确指示火的熄灭和火的重燃。

The fire protection system of the aircraft consists of fire detection system and fire extinguishing system. The fire protection system does not work normally, and the cargo source must be put out quickly in case of fire. Therefore, the aircraft fire protection system needs to be inspected and tested regularly to ensure the reliability of the system. The fire detection system is used to detect the fire alarm and indicate the corresponding position, and send out the alarm signal in the form of light, sound, etc. At the same time, it can connect the fire extinguishing circuit to automatically extinguish the fire. The fire detection system must be able to quickly detect the fire alarm and overheat in its area under any flight and ground conditions without giving false warning, and can quickly and continuously display the fire signal and accurately indicate the fire location to take correct preventive measures, and also accurately indicate the extinguishment and/or re-ignition of the fire. 

火警探测系统主要由火警传感器、火警控制盒和火警信号装置组成。火警探测器将表征火警条件的物理量转换为另一种物理量的装置。一般火警探测器主要通过温度和烟雾来探测火警。温度探测器主要用于飞机的发动机、辅助动力装置等，探测温度是否达到设定的阈值来提示火灾的出现。烟雾探测器主要用于飞机的盥洗室、货舱、行李舱和电子设备舱等，探测是否有着火征兆的烟雾存在，根据烟雾的浓度改变其输出的电信号。

The fire detection system is mainly composed of fire sensor, fire control box and fire signal device. The fire detector is a device that converts the physical quantity representing the fire alarm condition into another physical quantity. Generally, fire detectors detect fire mainly through temperature and smoke. Temperature detectors are mainly used for aircraft engines, auxiliary power devices, etc., to detect whether the temperature reaches the set threshold to indicate the occurrence of fire. The smoke detector is mainly used in the lavatory, cargo compartment, luggage compartment and electronic equipment compartment of the aircraft to detect whether there is smoke with signs of fire, and change its output electrical signal according to the concentration of smoke.

灭火系统主要用于飞机发动机、APU、客货舱、行李舱、燃油油箱、起落架舱、机翼以及一些危险区域发生的火灾进行可靠的扑灭作用。飞机上的灭火系统有两类，固定式的灭火系统和手提式的灭火设备。固定安装的专用灭火系统包括灭火瓶、喷射导管和灭火控制组件。主要用于发动机和 APU 灭火，有些飞机的货舱、卫生间也采用固定式灭火系统。飞机上装有若干个手提式灭火瓶，如客舱或驾驶舱着火，由机组人员手提灭火瓶灭火。

The fire extinguishing system is mainly used to put out the fire in aircraft engines, APU, passenger and cargo compartments, luggage compartments, fuel tanks, landing gear compartments, wings and some dangerous areas reliably. There are two types of fire extinguishing systems on aircraft, fixed fire extinguishing systems and portable fire extinguishing equipment. The fixed and installed special fire extinguishing system includes fire extinguisher, spray pipe and fire extinguishing control components. It is mainly used for engine and APU fire extinguishing, and some aircraft cargo holds and toilets also use fixed fire extinguishing systems. The aircraft is equipped with several portable fire extinguishers. If the cabin or cockpit is on fire, the crew shall put out the fire with portable fire extinguishers.